Athletics: Athletics, list

No more mass sport than athletics. Athletics natural for human and varied, here included running, jumping, walking, throwing. To deal with them, even high-level athletes do not require special expensive equipment. Therefore, the most disadvantaged and the poorest countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America can cultivate great athletics champions and raise its prestige in the international arena.

Classification

Of all the Olympic sports Athletics is considered the most medaleemkim. This includes 24 disciplines for men and 23 for women. "Queen of Sports", as well as any queen, very conservative - men's competition program is not changed more than half a century.

Athletics: Athletics, list

Only women have made for themselves the right to speak in the kinds of athletics sports that were considered before the male.

In the variety of events and disciplines can be confusing inexperienced fan, but for convenience they are divided into several groups. These groups usually have any common criteria according to which they include these or other sports.

In English-speaking countries, especially developed athletics. Athletics is divided into two large groups - "track" and "Field". As the name implies, the first to include all racing disciplines, as well as walking the competition and the second - all the rest.

List of athletics:

Cross

1. 100 m.

2. 200 m.

3. 400m.

4. 800 m.

5. 1500m.

6. 5000 m.

7 of 10 000 m.

8. Marathon.

9. 100 m hurdles.

10. 200 m hurdles.

11. 400 m hurdles.

12. 3000 m steeplechase.

13. Relay 4 x 100 m.

14. Relay 4 x 400 m.

Specifications:

1. Long Jump.

2. Triple Jump. 3. High jump.

4. Pole vault.

5. Javelin.

6. Discus Throw.

7. Hammer Throw.

8. Pushing nucleus.

Walking:

1. 20 km.

2. 50 km.

Traditionally, sports included in athletics, is divided into five major sections: running, walking, throwing disciplines, jumping and all-around. All of them, in turn, have their own varieties.

Basic Athletics

Familiarity with the basic kinds of athletics begins in humans in early childhood and continues at school, where children are taught physical education classes running, long jump, throwing javelins. Later, the child can develop their skills learned at school in specialized sports clubs, where he can do more complex species. All varieties of athletics, including basic types will be explained in detail below.

Walking

To the basic sports of athletics can rightly be attributed in race walking. No more natural and customary to the human condition than walking. However, the most routine kind of human activity is both a full-fledged sport.

In the course of the competition at the walkers there is an overwhelming desire to go on a run, in order to get ahead of rivals. However thoroughly prescribed points of the rules clearly define the essence of race walking.

Athletics: Athletics, list

According to the letter the rules of race walking is a cyclic movement consisting of an alternation of steps. Athlete must constantly in contact with the ground, the supporting leg must be straightened before the separation from the surface. Simply put, it is forbidden to break away from the ground, bend your knees - to move into a run.

Pushed into the framework of strict rules, the guard at the distance falls hard, their every move being watched keenly strict referee mercilessly punish the guilty for the slightest infraction. For the first foul cautioned for subsequent - removal. Therefore, from a species in athletics, Nordic Walking is one of the most technically complex. Despite its apparent simplicity, there are a lot of nuances, a large number of athletes go the distance for the carelessness and negligence in the art. Many stars in race walking track and gave the Russian athletics. Species included in the Olympic program, - 20 km for men and women, besides the representatives of the stronger sex to compete in very long distance of 50 km.

Faster than the wind

Barely learned to walk, the child soon begins to rush like mad, competing with friends in speed and endurance. Jogging and at the professional sports level, playing the medals and titles, setting world records. On the question of what kinds of sports included in athletics, even the most distant from the sport man confidently call the run.

The most spectacular and dynamic cross-country discipline is competition in the women's 100 and 200 meters, which belongs to the sprint. At the forefront here come up with the athletes, the ability to make an explosive, short-term work. Considered the strongest sprinters skinned athletes from the United States and the Caribbean, muscle structure of which, according to experts in sports medicine and physiology, is ideal for such tasks.

Athletics: Athletics, list

The main star of the sprint the last ten years, of course, is considered to be Usain Bolt, the Jamaican athlete, always won on all major international tournaments, beginning from 2008 to 2017. He became eight times Olympic champion, multiple world champion, world records, which for many years by experts in athletics were considered physically impossible for a human.

Athletics are not limited to the short sprint. Competition in the 400m ranked as the long sprint. This is one of the most difficult cross-country disciplines, in which the athlete must not only develop high speed, but also to hold it for quite a long stretch, that is, have a high-speed endurance. Running hurdles is also included in the list of disciplines of the Olympic program. Men compete in the women's 110 meters and the women's 100m.

Relay

One of the most spectacular kinds of track and field running program considered relay teams race. Accordingly, the relay's short cross-country program of athletics on most tournaments.

Here the athlete is working not only on themselves but also on their team, comes to the fore teamwork athletes. The victory in the relay is considered to be a particularly honorable another reason, which gives an idea about the general level of development run in one country or another. That is not even a star athlete has a chance to get a medal for the high level of the rest of his teammates.

In athletics, to date, there are two types of relay disciplines - 4x100 and 4x400 meters. The distance is divided into four stages, each of which is attached a specific athlete. At each stage in a special corridor there is a transfer of the baton from one to another team member. If the stick falls or is transferred in violation of the rules - the team is disqualified.

In the wake of global awareness of the mixed sports are actively introduced in the competition program of the relay, where men and women alternate.

stayer

Every fan asked what types included in athletics at the Olympic Games. Among them - cross-country discipline in middle and long distance. The first group traditionally includes running 800 and 1500 meters. There are competing runners who must possess not only speed, but also the stamina to be able to distribute their forces at a distance of a few laps around the stadium.

Athletics: Athletics, list

In addition, here come into play factors that are not taken into account for short distances. If the sprinters run on their tracks and can not pay attention to competitors, Stayers over 200m out their respective lanes and are forced to lead a pretty tough fight for the best position in the race. Therefore, the middle-distance running - this competition is not only in speed and endurance, but also the ability to conduct tactical combat.

Running at 3000 and 5000 meters referred to sprinting. There is no longer important the speed of the athlete, to the forefront of his endurance.

If you look at what types of athletics are especially popular in Africa, we can easily see that it is running a long-distance discipline. Africans have historically adapted by nature to overcome enormous space vast savannah native continent. The highest number of awards at the world's biggest tournaments extract the representatives of Kenya and Ethiopia.

In addition to the smooth running of disciplines stayers are competing in the steeplechase - steeplechase at the 3000 meters.

Marathon

In all, without exception, the final views of the Olympics all the sports program is a marathon. Winners of the marathon are awarded exclusive honor - to be awarded at the stadium during the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games.

Such privileges are given to representatives of this type of athletics without reason, as a run of 42 km is considered the hardest test of strength of the human body, it requires the athlete's incredible endurance and fortitude. Marathon competition has long outgrown the framework only athletics, there are special commercial tournaments marathon, collecting the best runners in the ultra-long distance.

Vertical

List of athletics would not be complete without jumping disciplines. Even children are competing among themselves to see who can jump higher than all. Make it professional athletes at prestigious competitions.

Athletics: Athletics, list

These types of athletics are divided into vertical and horizontal. The former include the high jump and pole vault. Competition in the high jump is carried out in specially equipped sector. It includes a space for the run, a special bar on the holder and a place to land.

It's very simple - athlete runs up, pushed one foot, taking off, landing. Opponents alternately storm height, for each mark, they are given three attempts. The jumper has the right to move one or two attempts at the next height. Try not to be counted, if the athlete has brought down the bar. However, if the referee has counted jump raised a white flag, and the strip still could not help, try considered test.

One of the most technically difficult disciplines considered the pole vault. The athlete must possess high qualities of sprinting, jumping ability and excellent coordination. Just as in the high jump, the athlete is allowed three attempts at each mark. Gain height is not less than 5 cm from each attempt.

Horizontal

Long Jump is one of the oldest sports, he was part of a program of competitions still ancient Olympics, leading to ancient Greece. Since 1896, this technical discipline of athletics always included in the program and the modern Olympic Games.

A good long jumper must possess not only jumping ability, but also the abolition of the sprint skills. Competitions are held in a special sector, which includes a runway, a wooden bar for pushing and jumping pit. What could be simpler - ran up and jumped. However, there are some nuances. The length by which the athlete jump is measured from a special line on the strip to the edge of the wells in the well with the sand for landing. When an athlete for intercede line try not count, so a good jumper must have the ability to calculate accurate to the millimeter his run and guess with the rhythm of the steps to make a start as close as possible from the edge permitted.

Triple Jump is considered more complex technical discipline, since the jump phase is divided into three parts, which requires excellent coordination of movement to perform a clean attempt.

Athletics: Athletics, list

Throwing

Most muscular and strong athletes competing in the throwing disciplines of athletics. There are such kinds of athletics in this category:

  • shot put;
  • hammer throw;
  • discus;
  • javelin.

and discus throwers in the core of modern Olympics began to compete with each other since 1896, later joined by javelin and blacksmith.

In each of these types of athlete is limited to a special area run and preparations for a throw. Range attempts measured from a special line, the bounding area to the hole from the projectile hits.

Athletics: Athletics, list

Zone Hammers limited special protective mesh enclosing space on three sides, to insidious projectile flew into the stands and not hurt anyone in the audience. Javelin often depend on the vagaries of the weather, a tailwind is quite clear attempt to prevent and irreparably alter the trajectory of the projectile flight.

All Around

The most difficult type of athletics is all-around. Athletes competing in several disciplines athletics, including running, throwing, jumping. Each of them requires special specific properties, so always a good all-rounder is a model of fully developed athlete. Men compete in ten kinds of track and field program, women - in seven. Grueling exhausting rounders competition always stretched for two days. On the first day decathletes compete in the following forms: 100 Meters, long jump and high, shot put, bringing up the rear view of the day is a long sprint to 400 m.

Exhausting marathon continues on the second day of methane and javelin, pole vaulting, running hurdles. The climax of the competition is run at 1,500 meters, which stands out from the rest of the species, requiring mostly short blast of the muscles, and it becomes a real test of endurance. Heptathlon program for women includes the same types except for the 100 Meters, disc throwing and pole vault.

For each type of program the athlete receives points, it there are, depending on the show results. The winner becomes the owner of the largest amount of credits.

Athletics Russia

Sports included in the Olympic program, are under special attention in each country. Russia also gave the world a lot of stars, "Queen of Sports". Especially developed here technical types, which include long jump, pole vault, different types of methane. One of the best athletes of all time, is considered to be Yelena Isinbayeva, set in the pole vault, two dozen world records. Also for the whole world resounded the name of Tatyana Lebedeva, a world star in the triple jump.

Track and field developed in Russia is uneven. In the women's middle distance regularly appear excellent athletes. Yuriy Borzakovskiy, Maria Savinova - the stayers became world champions and winners of the Olympic Games. However, in the sprint position of Russian athletes, as, indeed, and all European, not so much. Here unconditionally dominated by blacks runners from North America and the Caribbean Starn. It is also difficult to compete with them in the long-distance running, where the strong position of African athletes.

Walking until recently also been the pride of the Russian athletics, but numerous doping scandals have undermined confidence in the purity of the achievements of local walkers.