AN-94 "Abakan" (automatic): characteristics, history and photos

Automatic dvuhtempovogo type "Abakan" ( "AN-94") was established during the Army competition to replace the "AK-74". It has shifted (delayed) recoil impulse. This automatic weapons showed higher accuracy, as compared to "AK-74". Further details about this.

Mechanics

In this direction, said machine "AN-94 Abakan" has a certain originality. This device is based on the mechanics of building a gas operated with the moving block principle. It consists of a stem and boxes, as well as from the shutter and its frame. When burst shooting this whole block is shifted all the way to the rear position during the first 2 rounds, held at a high rate. This is an important function. Then, the process moves to shooting a low rate. This is done automatically. As a result, the shooter feels recoil only after the second stage of projectile departs from the barrel, the first two will form with high accuracy. That's pretty good for a machine. Despite the fact that "AN-94" is formally adopted by the Russian army, but there is little likelihood that it will replace in the near future, the good old "AK-74" and its modifications.

History

Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union in 1978 announced a competition for the development of automatic weapons, which have superior fighting qualities of the legendary "AK-74", located at that time in service. The main demand - improving the efficiency of shooting from awkward positions, including on the move, without a stop, with the knee. After studying all the conditions for further development of the scheme was adopted, which has offset the recoil momentum.

In 1981 he announced a contest "Abakan". In it took part 12 models. According to the results of "AS" has been recognized as the most promising model. This machine having biased recoil momentum who developed Nikonov Gennady. This is a significant fact. Automatic Nikonov "Abakan" already in 1986 finalized and gave it the name "ASM". In this case, there is a corresponding decryption. Namely automatic upgraded with shifted pulse. "ASM" was subjected to the state tests in the Taman Division, compared to "AK-74" in 1991, it showed a significant increase in the accuracy of shooting bursts of fixed type, including from awkward positions. According to the results of research he was recommended to the formulation adopted. However, this process has been tightened. "ASM" in 1997 under the official name of "5, 45-mm automatic Nikonov arr. 1994 (AN-94) "adopted a Russian army. This prototype was given the name of the contest, in which he was the winner. That is called it "Abakan" -automaton. Although initially the plans (1980) wanted to completely re-equip the army with the latest modifications, all the same model Kalashnikov assault rifle "AK" remained in service. The role played by the complexity in modeling, as well as economic reasons.

Automatic "AN-94 Abakan" is available at an engineering plant "IL" in small batches since 1998.

design

Let us consider this point in more detail. Designed "Abakan" (automatic) under the classical scheme with the placement of the store front handle. It consists of the following main elements:

• casing-box. It is a shooting machine.
• The pistol grip with a trigger mechanism of action (attached to the housing bottom).
• Butt.

In the firing assembly includes the barrel and its box. Inside is the last gate, its frame and trigger.

Powered Automatic peculiar in this case, namely due to free firing recoil of the movable unit having the drive frame from the gate gas engine. Locked trunk is quite simple. This is done while turning the bolt shot. Automatic "Abakan AN-94" is a weapon in which the recoil pulse has shifted. This is - an essential feature of this model. It greatly affects the accuracy and precision shooting. In this device structure is designed so that the impact of a certain impact on the position of arms hold up to the moment when the barrel left to Shoot bullets. Formed on a machine "lafetnyj scheme", namely, the delay is derived from the principle of the recoil guns, where the barrel during firing is rolled together with the shutter.

In this case, the shooting unit is movably fixed to the guide casing. During the first shot it at the expense of returns begins to shift to the rear position. The next round in the barrel is served while driving. It is nemaloznachimym moment. It shall be sent from the intermediate of a special chamber. Immediately thereafter, made the second shot. At the time when the unit reaches said rear end position and felt recoil, two first bullet has left the barrel. Therefore, during their otstrelivaniya "Abakan" (automatic) almost does not wobble. And consequently, is not displaced aimpoint. For the first two rounds rate reaches a certain high value. It is essential in this case, and up to 1,800 rounds per minute. "Abakan" (automatic) in the automatic fire mode, further work on a "per shot cycle." That is the whole shooting unit is returned by the return spring in the front end position. In this case it shall be sent to the next cartridge. After that there is a shot. Further rollback process completes its trunk, and recharging takes place without re-firing during the process. In this case there is no impact on the rear wall of said unit casing. shots rate is significantly reduced in this case. Namely, up to 600 per minute. Consequently, while firing bursts more than 2 rounds of ammunition recoil compensated only on the first 2 rounds.

The end of the barrel equipped with a muzzle compensator. It resembles an inverted "eight". Such a shape allows the barrel to clean itself when firing.

"Abakan" machine, which are positive feedback has from impact resistant plastic and steel. Here there is a plastic folding butt. On the Machine "Abakan", a photo of which is provided in this text, you can set the day and night sights. Grenade launcher barrel-attached is attached to the guide firing unit. Bayonet is not fixed below, in contrast to the "AK", and on the right. This gives a certain comfort. Namely, it is possible without removing the bayonet, grenade launcher installed. In addition, there is another plus. It lies in the fact that during the melee blade bayonet knife due to the horizontal position can easily be incorporated into the chest of the enemy, penetrating between the ribs. Here it is also a major diopter adjustable sight. Equips machine "Abakan 94" regular stores under caliber cartridges 5, 45 mm from the "AK-74" (30 pcs. Rounds), "RPK-74" (45 pcs.) Or the new, four-row type, 60 pcs.

Shooting Mode

In this case, there are three positions. The machine can carry fire following shooting modes:

1 - single;

2 - shooting bursts of 2 cartridges with cut-offs;

3 - automatic.

Features and purpose of

In this case, there is a peculiar feature. Automatic "AN-94 Abakan" (5, 45-mm) dvuhtempovogo type (as individual arms) is group and to engage single targets at ranges up to 1 km. This is a significant parameter. Firing is carried out by single shots, and (two) short and long bursts. Due to the greater length of the sighting he surpasses the "AK-74" and 1/2 times - American-made rifle "M-16". The latter is considered one of the most well-aimed rifle among the small arms of the world.

Machine produces shots 5, 45-mm cartridges corresponding sample in 1974. Also, as mentioned above, the setting of the grenade launcher grenade "GP-25" ( "GP-30"), the night and day sights, bayonet-knife.

Butt leans to the right side. The main rear sight for five positions.

Made Machine "AN-94" with the wide use of modern materials. This gun has a high slaughtering and piercing bullet effect, comfort and retention of sight. Nikonova Machine (AN-94) "Abakan" versus "AC" has a high accuracy of shooting and accuracy, particularly during firing fixed bursts.

Giving in this almost imperceptible. Sound from the shot does not tire the hand, as perceived by the ear of all of 2 shots as one. This is an important fact. Indicator effective range "NA-94" exceeds "AK" to 1, 2 - 1 3 times.

Application and prospects of

Already by 2000, "AN-94" was in service of individual parts of the Interior Ministry paramilitary and army. In particular, the special units DON, OCH "Hero", the Izhevsk SWAT. Because the machine design is fairly complex operation requires a higher skill, the full transition to this model was not planned.

Further prospects of such weapons is not entirely visible. On the one hand, the automatic "AN-94" is endowed with some obvious advantages over the "AK" was in service, and its modifications, on the other - there are some difficulties in a constructive performance. However, automatic Nikonov aroused keen interest of foreign arms manufacturers. This is a significant fact. Yet it is superior to many types of small arms, which are located in other countries of arming. This is a considerable advantage. At the competition, this model has shown its advantages, mainly not during combat assault, and the reflection of the attack on the strong points and the expense of the accuracy of the short queue. This is where the density is extremely important not heap fire, and reliable destruction of single targets.

Analogues competitors

There are such constructs that can successfully be used for mass re army. Likely competitor "AN-94" is considered to be a model "AEK-971", which has a balanced automatics. However, "AEK-971" slightly worse accuracy with a short queue than that of "Abakan". But there are certain advantages in this regard. It lies in the fact that "AEK-971" at the time of firing long bursts exceeds the "AK-74" and "Abakan", while the analog is simpler, easier and cheaper "AN-94". There are also modifications "AK-108" and "AK-107", which have a similarity to "AEK-971" and have improved automation.

Features

In this case, consider the following:

• The regular cartridge is able to provide a sufficiently high breakdown action and lethal bullet.
• It is convenient for automatic targeting and retention.
• He has a good handiness.
• He has a higher precision and accuracy of fire, than "AK", especially during firing bursts fixed.
• Do not tangible practical results. As a result, conducting gunfire bursts of fixed type, it is possible to keep the machine in the hands of, not stressing the shoulder butt.
• "soft" sound of the shot does not oppress.
• firing range "AN-94" on the effectiveness of "AK" is superior to 1, 2 - 1, 3 times.

The structural disadvantages

In addition to the advantages of this model there are also disadvantages. It lies in the fact that the design for "AN-94", compared to "AK", is more complicated. This has a negative effect on its reliability. For example, are more sensitive to pollution details. In fact, the high accuracy of fire from the queue only in the first two bullets. Others have the same dispersion close to "AA".

Automatic "Abakan" TTX

In this case, said gun has the characteristics:

- Caliber 5, 45 mm.

- Cartridge - 5, 45h39.

- Muzzle velocity - 900 m / s.

- Sighting range - 800 meters.

- length - 943 mm. When folded butt - 728 mm.

- Barrel length - 405 mm.

- Weight without magazine - 3, 85 kg.

- machine weight (with the store uncharged) - 3, 82 kg.

- Combat rate (bursts / single) -150 / 40 rds. min.

- Shop: a box of 30 cartridges from the "AK-74", 45 - from "RPK-74" or four row by 60.

- Temp strelby- 1800/600 rds. per minute.

- Sighting range using open sight - 700 m.

- point-blank range on the figure of a traveling / chest - 625/440 m.

- Adjustable rear sight.

On the interesting facts

Nikonov automatic "AN-94" caused the interest of foreign intelligence services. This contributed to the fact that other countries, including the US, armourers modern automatic weapons were developed. The main reason for this is the use of "NA-94" newest operation principle. This is offset in time pulse output. According to the same designer, this weapon can be disassembled and copying, however, this principle will not be able to solve for many years. There is also the "Abakan" -automaton airsoft. It is used for carrying out military training under simulated combat.

Conclusion

This article has a lot of useful information. Everyone can become familiar with the fact that a machine is "Abakan" what characteristics it has, however it has advantages and disadvantages.