Why do Africans have dark skin, if it is quickly heated by the sun?

• Why do Africans have dark skin, if it is quickly heated by the sun?

Ever thought about why blacks it is this skin? It looks not very logical for such a complex and "cunning" of the process as evolution, empower people of color, which is already hot regions will contribute to even greater heating of the body. Is it simple?

The indigenous inhabitants and immigrants from the African continent have dark skin. Such people are considered to the Negroid race, one of the three great races of mankind. Even children know that the skin color of the races associated with the climatic characteristics of the region, where their representatives (or their ancestors) occur. Curiously, the closer to the equator, the darker the skin in humans. But why evolution - a process whose task is to maintain the usefulness of signs and symptoms of the body filter out useless, ordered that? After all, everyone knows that all the black stronger basking in the sun? It is obvious that more heat in the heat - not the best quality.

Rate the quality of the black color can every fan in the summer. Just put a black T-shirt and go out in the sun. Very soon we will have to feel the sun's rays bake more than usual. In fact, the nature of this "know" and actively use features black. For example, the polar bear under the white fur hiding black leather, which contributes to the accumulation of heat from sunlight.

So ​​what's with the black race? In fact, everything is not so easy and it's not just limited to one color of the skin. You should start with the fact that Caucasians and Blacks are different fat distribution. Because of the cold climate in Caucasians fat is distributed throughout the body, while, as in blacks it accumulates in certain places, leaving the body more than the "free" places for effective perspiration and heat.

Dark skin is in this case was given to the evolution of people not because of the need to accumulate heat, but because of the need to effectively confront the increased amount of UV rays falling on the skin. Saying "thank you" should be the pigment of melamine, which makes the skin darker. If blacks nature has not formed a dark skin, people at the equator are more likely to develop oncology. As is known, ultraviolet light is able to damage the DNA structure.

An interesting fact is worth adding that recent genetic studies ancestors Caucasians indicate that our ancestors also had dark skin, when migrated from Africa to Eurasia. However, here they began to mix with whites Neanderthals, and the evolution of the body began to adapt people to the new conditions.

Thus, the dark skin more heated, however, this "deficiency" is compensated by other features of the organism. At the same time it gives a very important protective function for the residents of the equator.